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After ending long Russian - Turkish war, according
to Kuchuk-Kinergirsky peace treaty the steppe strip between Southern Bug
and Dnieper has passed to Russia, which southern borders remained rather
restless. For their strengthening was decided to construct city with ship-building
shipyard, trade quay and fortress. With reception of an issue to the Black
sea - to create the Black Sea fleet and thus to ensure safety of southern
boundaries of empire. In this connection on June 18, 1778 the decree of
the Katherine the Second about the basis in a mouth of Dnieper of city
- fortress Kherson, including in Novorossiysk region has followed, where
on erected shipyard were incorporated and the first ships of the future
Black Sea fleet are constructed. After the basis of cities of Nikolaev
(1789) and Odessa (1794) Kherson has lost its importance as the main trade
port and shipyards of the south of Russia. The new seaports had that advantage,
that the ships with deep water draft could approach to them. From now on
admiralty is transferred in Nikolaev, however shipbuilding in Kherson nevertheless
proceeded and since 1806 from newly constructed merchant shipyard annually
was lowered on water from 20 up to 30 crayers. Alongside with development
of various branches of manufacture, at the end of XIX - beginning XX centuries
gradually have become to grow importance of the Kherson sea and river ports.
A flow of export cargoes in 1891-1901 years considerably has increased
as a result of realization of works on a deepening of a Dnieper mouth near
Kherson and construction of the navigable channel which has connected port
to the sea. Historically has developed so, that from the moment
of the foundation Kherson and Novorossiysk region Ukrainian and Russian
colonists made as though one mixed ethnic group with similar customs, characteristic
southern (Russian-Ukrainian) dialect, uniform orthodox church. Cossacks
has brought the significant contribution to formation of Ukrainian ethnos
on Kherson region. On a basis newly formed Kosh (Cossack’s unit) in area
Oleshki (town Tsurupinsk) and Stone Sech (Berislav region) in 1790 has
arisen Black Sea Cossacks battalia, which carried a boundary service between
Dnieper, Southern Bug and Dniester. In the same period the imperial decree
allocated grounds to colonists from Germany, Sweden and Bulgaria. In the
individual order the dealers arrived, the handicraftsmen, peasants - Greeks,
Jews, Italians, Serbs, Byelorussians, Poles, many of which now almost completely
assimilated. In this connection feature of area is the multinationality
of its population (about 100 nationalities), from them most numerous: Ukrainians
(937 thousand), Russians (250 thousand), Byelorussians (13 thousand), Jews
(more than 7 thousand) and Crimean Tartars (about 6 thousand). The modern
Kherson area, as administrative - territorial unit of Ukraine, is formed
by March 30, 1944. It is divided into 18 areas, has 3 cities republican
and 6 - regional submission, 30 settlements of a urban type, 675 villages
with an aggregate number of the population 1 million 259 thousand, from
them urban - 779 thousand the man by the Important factor is a geographical
rule(situation) of area, which, borrowing(occupying) the area of 28,5 thousand
square km. It is washed by the Black and Azov seas and borders in northwest
with Nikolaev, north - Dnepropetrovsk, east - Zaporozhye areas, south -
Independent Republic of Crimea. Economically Kherson region is agrarian-industrial
area and specializes on manufacture of a grain, meat and milk. The industry
is submitted by the enterprises of shipbuilding, electrical and agricultural
mechanical engineering, electronics, construction, processing of petroleum
and agricultural products. The large importance for economy of area has
presence of water and railway transport units, a key place in which occupy
the Kherson sea and river ports which are carrying out, mainly, processing
of export cargoes, including mineral fertilizers, wheat and metal. |
